The Tiny General

 Napoleon Bonaparte

Born on 15 August 1769 and Died on 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.

As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime. Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time, and his campaigns are studied at military academies worldwide. Napoleon was born at Ajaccio in Corsica to parents of noble Italian ancestry. He trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He rose to prominence under the French First Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. He led a successful invasion of the Italian peninsula.In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade of the 19th century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—that involved every major European power. After a streak of victories, France secured a dominant position in continental Europe, and Napoleon maintained the French sphere of influence through the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other European countries as French client states.The Peninsular War and 1812 French invasion of Russia marked turning points in Napoleon's fortunes. His Grande Armée was badly damaged in the campaign and never fully recovered. In 1813, the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig; the following year the Coalition invaded France, forced Napoleon to abdicate and exiled him to the island of Elba. Less than a year later, he escaped Elba and returned to power, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. Napoleon spent the last six years of his life in confinement by the British on the island of Saint Helena. An autopsy concluded he died of stomach cancer, but there has been some debate about the cause of his death, as some scholars have speculated that he was a victim of arsenic poisoning.

From Monkeys to Men

CHARLES DARWIN

Charles Robert Darwin, an English naturalist was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He belonged in a wealthy family. He was the son of Robert Waring Darwin, who had one o the largest medical practices outside of London, and the grandson of the physician Erasmus Darwin, the author of Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life, and of the artisan-entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood.

He was the one who proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection. He developed his interest in natural history while studying first medicine at Edinburgh University, then theology at Cambridge.

In 1831, he joined a five year expedition on the survey ship, HMS Beagle. He worked on his theory for 20 years. He learned that Alfred Russel Wallace, another naturalist, had developed the same ideas, the two made a joint publication of both of their theories. He published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" in the year 1859. After the publication, he continued to write on botany, geology and zoology until his death in 1882.

Isaac Newton

        ISAAC NEWTON

             Isaac Newton was born prematurely on December 25, 1642, to Isaac and Hannah Newton. His father had died two months before his birth. Even though his life had started with an uncertain future for him, he was a man whose thoughts came to life and seemed his brain never cease to rest. He was a man who changed the world with life’s works with the forerunner discovery being calculus.

             Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He is one of the greatest scientists of all time. H was very interested in the discoveries of Galileo and others. He thought the universe worked like a machine and that a few simple laws governed it. He was one of the world’s greatest scientists because he took his ideas and the ideas of earlier scientists and combined them into a unified picture of how the universe works.

          Through mathematics, he formulated laws of motion and gravitation to explain the workings of the universe. These laws are formulas that explains how the objects move when a force acts on them. Principia, was his most famous book, published in 1687 while he was a mathematics professor at Trinity College, Cambridge.

            He formulated the classical theories of mechanics and optics. He also invented calculus, years befor Leibniz. However, he did not publish his work on calculus, until afterward Leibniz had published his. Newton discovered that the binomial theorem was valid for fractional powers, but left it for Wallis to publish (which he did).

The Man of Relativity

      ALBERT EINSTEIN

Albert Einstein, a famous scientist, is best-known for his two theories of relativity, special and general.He completely changed the way people saw our world and the universe. He majorly contributed to the four areas of science- Light, Time, Energy and Gravity.

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany. He grew up in Munich. He was taught how to play violin when he is still very young, and he became an excellent musician.  At a very early age, he started wondering about mysteries of the universe.

His influence could be said started in 1905, when he published a series of remarkable scientific papers and theories. Also it was the same year which he accomplished a famous equation, E=MC2, which shows that mss can be turned to energy. This equation led to the building of the atomic bomb. The first bomb only had 0.6 grams of mass but scientists turned it into enough energy to destroy a whole city. He also came up with the special theory of the relativity, stating that light is constant and that it is impossible to go faster than the speed of light.

Windows Dude

      BILL GATES

      William “Bill” Gates is the co-founder chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft, the most successful software company in the world. He is an American entrepreneur, software executive, philanthropist and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, he held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and he remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 9 percent of the common stock.

      William Henry “Bill” Gates III was born on October 28, 1955, to William H. Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. He was raised in Seattle along with his two sisters. He became interested in programming at an early age while attending one of Seattle’s most exclusive schools. He soon befriended a student named Paul Allen and together using the schools minicomputer they practiced their skills.

      Gates also has interests in other business having many investments and positions in company’s including Corbis Corporation, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, Teledesic Corporation. In 1998 Gates gave up his role as CEO to focus on development of new technology and products.

      Bill Gates married Melinda French Gates in 1994 and has three children, Jennifer, Rory and Phoebe. Both Bill and Melinda are keen Philanthropist’s starting the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation which has committed more than $3.2 billion to global health, $2 billion to improve learning opportunities to low income families, $477 million to community projects and more than $488 million to special projects and annual giving campaigns.

The man behind Apple

STEVE JOBS

          Steve Paul “Steve” Jobs was an American entrepreneur and is known as the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc.. He also co founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios, and became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar.

          Steve Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955, to Joanne Carole Schieble and Abdulfattah "John" Jandali who were both university students and unmarried at the time. They have no choice but to put the baby for adoption because Schieble’s family objected to their relationship. He was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs and Clara Jobs, an Armenian American.

          The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. Paul worked as a mechanic and a carpenter and taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. He showed Steve how to work on electronics, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild electronics such as radios and televisions which results Steve being interested and developed a hobby of technical tinkering. Clara worked as an accountant who taught him to read before he went to school.

          Steve Jobs died on October 5. 2012. He will be remembered for many things, not the least of which are the incredible products he helped create, but his legacy also extends to the lasting impact he has had on gaming, technology, and entertainment.